🧪 Density Calculator
Calculate density, mass, and volume using the fundamental relationship: Density = Mass ÷ Volume. Perfect for scientific research, engineering applications, material analysis, and educational purposes with comprehensive unit conversions.
📊 Calculation Details
🔄 Unit Conversions
🧪 Material Properties
🧪 Common Material Densities
| Material |
Density (g/cm³) |
Density (kg/m³) |
| 💧 Water |
1.00 |
1,000 |
| 🔩 Aluminum |
2.70 |
2,700 |
| ⚙️ Steel |
7.85 |
7,850 |
| 🟠 Copper |
8.96 |
8,960 |
| 🥇 Gold |
19.32 |
19,320 |
| 🪵 Wood (Oak) |
0.75 |
750 |
🧪 Understanding Density
Density is a fundamental physical property that describes how much mass is contained in a given volume. It's expressed as mass per unit volume (ρ = m/V) and is crucial in materials science, engineering, and many scientific applications.
📐 Density Formula & Units
| Formula |
Variables |
Common Units |
Applications |
| ρ = m/V |
ρ = density, m = mass, V = volume |
g/cm³, kg/m³ |
Material identification |
| m = ρ×V |
Calculate mass from density |
g, kg, lb |
Weight estimation |
| V = m/ρ |
Calculate volume from mass |
cm³, m³, L |
Space planning |
🔬 Density Categories
| Category |
Density Range (g/cm³) |
Examples |
Characteristics |
| 🌬️ Gases |
0.0001 - 0.01 |
Air, Hydrogen, CO₂ |
Very low density, compressible |
| 💧 Liquids |
0.5 - 3.0 |
Water, Oil, Mercury |
Moderate density, incompressible |
| 🪵 Organic Solids |
0.1 - 2.0 |
Wood, Plastic, Rubber |
Low to moderate density |
| 🪨 Minerals |
2.0 - 8.0 |
Quartz, Granite, Iron ore |
High density, crystalline |
| 🔩 Metals |
2.0 - 22.0 |
Aluminum, Steel, Gold |
High density, conductive |
🏭 Industrial Applications
| Industry |
Application |
Importance |
Typical Range |
| 🏗️ Construction |
Material selection, load calculations |
Structural integrity, weight limits |
0.5 - 8.0 g/cm³ |
| ✈️ Aerospace |
Weight optimization, fuel efficiency |
Performance, payload capacity |
0.5 - 5.0 g/cm³ |
| 🚗 Automotive |
Lightweighting, safety design |
Fuel economy, crash protection |
1.0 - 8.0 g/cm³ |
| 🔬 Pharmaceuticals |
Drug formulation, quality control |
Dosage accuracy, stability |
0.8 - 2.0 g/cm³ |
| 🍕 Food Industry |
Quality assessment, processing |
Texture, nutritional content |
0.2 - 1.5 g/cm³ |
🔄 Unit Conversion Factors
| From |
To |
Multiply by |
Example |
| g/cm³ |
kg/m³ |
1,000 |
2.7 g/cm³ = 2,700 kg/m³ |
| g/cm³ |
lb/ft³ |
62.428 |
1.0 g/cm³ = 62.4 lb/ft³ |
| kg/m³ |
g/cm³ |
0.001 |
1,000 kg/m³ = 1.0 g/cm³ |
| lb/ft³ |
g/cm³ |
0.016 |
62.4 lb/ft³ = 1.0 g/cm³ |
💡 Practical Tips
- 🌡️ Temperature Effects: Density changes with temperature (thermal expansion)
- 🔍 Measurement Accuracy: Use precise instruments for mass and volume
- 🧪 Material Purity: Impurities can significantly affect density
- 📊 Quality Control: Density is often used for material verification
- 🌊 Buoyancy: Objects float when less dense than the surrounding fluid
- ⚖️ Archimedes' Principle: Use water displacement for irregular volumes
🔗 Related Calculators
Explore our other science and engineering calculators: